UAS BAHASA INGGRIS

Nama : RACHMAT NUR ICHSAN

NIM : 2220201001

PRODI : TEKNIK ELEKTRO

DOSEN : Dr. ZULZALIFAH

EDITORIAL SKILL IN ENGLISH PUBLIPRENEUR-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING (PBLL-Editing)

 

 

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR 

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING 

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY TANGERANG (2022)

 

List of activities in ESP for Electrical Engineering

1.     Short Article about Electrical Engineering

2.     5W1H Questions

3.     Verbal and Nominal Sentences

4.     Tenses and It’s Pattern

5.     Active and Passive Construction

6.     List of Vocabulary

7.     Translation into Indonesia

8.     Reasons Why Writer Uses Tenses

 

 WRITER : RACHMAT NUR ICHSAN

EDITOR : ABDULLAH SAJAD

REVIEW : JUNIZAR DWI IRAWAN

 

 

 

 

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TECHNOLOGY: HISTORY, PROPERTIES, SOURCES, AND TYPES

Electromagnetic Waves: History, Properties, Sources, and Types

electromagnetic wave

In general, waves are divided into two, namely electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. mechanical waves can propagate through an intermediary or medium. mechanical waves can be transverse waves such as the process of propagating on a rope and can also propagate as longitudinal waves such as sound through the medium of air or or other objects.

Meanwhile, electromagnetic waves are waves that can propagate even though there is no medium or intermediary. electromagnetic energy can propagate in the form of waves with several measurable variables

In everyday life, humans have used a loT of electromagnetic waves, such as the example mentioned at the beginning of the paragraph. As previously explained, electromagnetic waves in the form of waves have several variables that can be measured.

Some of these variables are wavelength, frequency and speed. Wavelength is the distance between the two peaks. As for the frequency itself is the numberof waves that pass a point in one unit of time.

Whenviewed mathematically is as as follows.

C = λ.f

Information:

C = speed of light

Λ = wavelength

F = frequency

It should be noted that the electromagnetic energy emitted or released by all masses in the universe has different levels. The higher the energy level possessed by an energy source, the lower the wavelength of the energy that is successfully produced as well as the higher the frequency.

A Brief History of Electromagnetic Waves

After understanding what it means. We will learn together about the brief history of the existence of electromagnetic waves.

Before the 19th century, humans could only perceive visible light. Apart from visible light, of course, humans at that time did not know any other light.

Over time, until after 1800, there was an English astronomer born in Germany named William Herschel who had a discovery that stated that there was light or light other than visible light.

This discovery made by Herschel could be the beginning of the development of electromagnetic wave matter. Of course, the discoveries made by Herschel will continue to be developed by other scientists.

In the past, Herschel conducted an experiment using a prism to diffract sunlight. At that time he managed to find a light that is invisible to the human sense of sight outside the red area which can cause the thermometer to get hot or high. Then the rays are named infrared rays or infrared

Electromagnetic wave

After a year from the Herschel meeting, another discovery emerged from the German physicist named Johann Wilhelm Ritter whose discovery was a beam of light that was close to purple and remained invisible to the human sense of sight.

Experiments conducted by Ritter at that time used a prism to diffract sunlight. The light found can cause silver chloride plates to turn black. Until then the color rays are given the color of ultraviolet light.

Then at the end of the 19th century, a German physicist named Wilhelm Rontgen discovered a beam of light that could penetrate a solid object and was given the name X-rays or X-rays.

The next few years were preceded by the discovery of alpha and beta rays by Rutherford, a French physicist and chemist named Paul Ulrich Villard discovered a third beam of light from experiments conducted by Rutherford.

These rays have neutral properties and have a higher energy than X-rays. Where the discovery of these rays is named gamma rays. Among the others, gamma rays have the highest frequency in electromagnetic waves.

In 1862 to 1864, James Clerk Maxwell undertook the development of a theory closely related to electric fields and magnetic fields. He has an opinion that a change in the electric field can cause a change in the magnetic field, so that a wave can be created.

After 25 years of the experiment then proved by Heinrich Hertz. Hertz discovered a wave outside the range of infrared light, which is then called microwave and radio.

From the experiments conducted by Hertz, Maxwell's theory was finally proven and justified. And Maxwell's discovery was named electromagnetic waves or GEM.

Then in 1905, Albert Einstein discovered a concept of special relativity which could eventually perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves.

Properties of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves also have some properties in them. So that you can more easily understand electromagnetic waves. Here are some of the properties possessed by electromagnetic waves.

Changes in the electric field and magnetic field in electromagnetic waves will occur simultaneously.

Can propagate in a vacuum.

The magnitude of the electric field (E) is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field, with the relationship E = cb.

The directions of the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.

This is a transverse wave.

Can experience polarization, reflection events (reflection), refraction (refraction), interference, and bending (diffraction).

Have momentum.

Can be divided into several types depending on the frequency or wavelength.

The speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is a general constant (constant) c = 3 x 108 m/s. (meters/second = meters/second).

Those are some of the properties possessed by electromagnetic waves.

Source of Electromagnetic Waves

The existence of electromagnetic waves can also occur from several sources. The following are some sources that can produce electromagnetic waves.

 

Electrical Oscillation

Sunlight

Infrared lamps that can specifically produce infrared

Ultraviolet lamp which can specifically produce ultra violet

Electron shooting in a vacuum tube on a metal chip can produce X-rays or commonly referred to as X-rays.

Unstable atomic nuclei are capable of producing alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. And for gamma radiation is one of the electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves include light, radio waves, X-rays, gamma rays, microwaves and others. The various forms of electromagnetic waves are distinguished only by their wavelength and frequency.

Types of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can also be divided into several types. If you don't know what types of electromagnetic waves are, then the explanation below can help.

1. Radio Waves

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic wave. Where there are electromagnetic waves is when sound or audio turns into an electrical signal by going through an oscillator wave or carrier wave.

 

Or simply radio waves can be generated by electric charges accelerated through a conductor wire. This charge will be generated by an electronic circuit called an oscillator. Raido waves will be emitted and received by the antenna.

Some objects that use radio waves are like television, radio, telephone and radar. Electromagnetic waves were first discovered by Heinrich Hertz and used by Marconi as a medium of communication.

electromagnetic wave

2. Microwave or Microwave

Microwaves or microwaves can be generated by klystron tubes which have a function as a conductor of heat energy. The frequency of electromagnetic waves in microwaves is quite high, which is around 3 GHz (3×109 Hz).

If microwaves are absorbed by an object, molecule or atom, the object will vibrate causing a heating effect. Then if there is food that absorbs microwave radiation, then the food can heat up and cook in a relatively short time. This process is used in microwave ovens.

Microwaves can also be used in radar or Radio Detection and Ranging. Radar can be used to search for and determine traces of an object by utilizing microwaves.

3. Infrared waves or Infra Red

Infrared is an electromagnetic wave with a longer wavelength than visible light. Even so it turns out that infrared wavelengths are shorter than radio waves.

The long range of infrared wavelengths ranges from 1000 nm to 1 mm. Infrared light is produced by electrons present in vibrating molecules and will likely break up into different parts of the molecule as the object is heated. The energy released by these vibrating atoms and molecules is in the form of infrared radiation.

It should also be noted that every hot object must have emitted infrared waves. Currently infrared waves are already widely used in everyday life items such as TV remotes, data transfer from cell phone to other cell phone to physical therapy.

 

4. Visible Light

As the name suggests, visible waves can indeed be seen directly by the human sense of sight. Visible waves consist of seven colors. Where if sorted from the greatest frequency, starting from red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple.

As for the wavelength of each light is as follows.

Red has a wavelength between 620 and 780 nm.

Orange has a wavelength between 590 and 620 nm

Yellow has a wavelength between 570 to 590 nm

Green has a wavelength between 490 to 570 nm

Blue has a wavelength between 450 to 490 nm

Indigo has a wavelength between 420 to 450 nm

Purple has a wavelength between 380 to 420 nm

Just for information 1 nm = 1 nano meter = 10-9 meters.

As additional information, 1 nm is 1 nano meter, which ranges from 10 to 9 meters. Then for visible light waves until now it has also been used in a number of objects such as internal lasers and optics in the fields of telecommunications and medicine.

5. Ultraviolet Rays

The sun is the main source of light that can emit ultraviolet light to the earth's surface. Ultraviolet light can also be produced by electron transitions in atomic orbits, carbon arcs and mercury lamps.

Ultraviolet light is actually part of the color spectrum. However, the human sense of sight is incapable of seeing ultraviolet light. In addition, ultraviolet light also has a very short wavelength when compared to other colors.

This is because ultraviolet light has a stronger penetrating power than other colors of light. Even ultraviolet light or ultra violet light is also able to penetrate human skin and is able to change the structure of human skin cells.

At low levels, ultraviolet rays can provide assistance in the process of forming vitamin D. However, at high levels, ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer.

It should also be noted that ultraviolet light is at a wavelength between 3 nm and 380 nm. Currently, the existence of ultraviolet light is widely used for UV lamps and for LASIK eye surgery.

6. X-Ray

Next there are X-rays which have very high penetrating power. Even bigger than ultraviolet rays. The wavelength of X-rays is quite short, but has such a high frequency.

Because it has an ordinary wide penetrating power, X-rays can penetrate soft structures such as meat and wood, thick books to aluminum plates as thick as 1 cm. But X-rays cannot penetrate solid structures such as bone.

With the ability of X-rays to penetrate flesh, it is not surprising that X-rays are often used for X-ray technology that can reveal bone or skeletal structures on film screens. X-rays are even used to track or view the contents of passenger bags at the airport.

The wavelength of X-rays ranges from 0.3 nm to 3 nm. Then the discoverer of X-rays was Wilhelm Rontgen (1823-1923) when he conducted high-voltage electron scattering experiments.

7. Gamma Rays

Gamma-ray waves can be written as Y-rays. Where gamma-ray waves can be called the strongest electromagnetic waves among other electromagnetic waves.

The wavelength of gamma rays ranges from 0.0003 to 0.03 nm or can also be written as 0.3 pm to 30 pm. Where 1 poko meter (pm) is 10 to 12 meters.

Gamma-ray waves are produced from radioactive decay events or unstable atomic nuclei. Gamma rays can also penetrate solid structures such as atomic structures into different atoms.

Even gamma rays also occur in a nuclear reaction process so as to produce a radiation that tends to be so harmful to living things. In the medical world, the existence of gamma rays is used to sterilize medical equipment and radiotherapy processes in the treatment of cancer

Those are some types of electromagnetic waves that still exist today

5W1H

1	WHAT	What is meant by electromagnetic waves?
	ANSWERE	Electromagnetic wave is a wave that can do propagation even though there is no medium or intermediary
2	WHAT	In what form do waves have several variables that can be measured?
	ANSWERE	Some of these variables are such as wavelengths, frequencies and speeds
3	WHY	Why can this wave creep even in a vacuum?
	ANSWERE	Electromagnetic waves can keep event because waves that have an electrical energy charge and magnetism and do not require a propagation media.
4	WHY	Why has the electromagnetic energy that is emitted or released by all times in the universe had a different level?
	ANSWERE	Because the higher the energy level possessed by a source of energy, the lower the wavelength of the energy that is successfully produced as well as the higher the frequency
5	WHERE	Where was the X-ray found?
	ANSWERE	X-ray was found in Germany by  physicist named Wilhelm.
6	WHERE	Where was the gamma ray found?
	ANSWERE	Gama ray was found in French by chemist named Paul Ulrich Villard
7	WHEN	When was the beginning of development of the electricity theory and the magnetic field?
	ANSWERE	The beginning of development of the electricity theory and the magnetic field was 1862 to 1864.
8	WHEN	When did the start of improving the concept of electromagnetic waves?
	ANSWERE	The concept of electromagnetic waves started In to improve in 1905, when Albert Einstein discovered a special concept of relativity which could eventually perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves.
9	WHO	Who is inventor of another light besides visible light?
	ANSWERE	Inventor of another light besides visible light is British astronomer born in Germany named William Herschel
10	WHO	Who developed the theory related to the electrical field and the magnetic field?
	ANSWERE	James Clerk Maxwell developed the theory that is closely related to the electrical field and the magnetic field
1	HOW	How can electromagnetic waves occur?
	ANSWERE	Electromagnetic waves can occur when the shooting of electrons in a vacuum tube in metal pieces produce X -rays or commonly referred to as X -ray
	HOW	How did radio waves produce?
	ANSWERE	Radio waves produce when sound or audio turns into an electrical signal through an oscillator or carrier wave.

 

 

VERBAL SENTENCES

NO	SENTENCES	V
1	German physicist named Wilhelm Rontgen discovered a beam of light that could penetrate a solid object and was named X-ray.	V
2	In 1862 to 1864, James Clerk Maxwell developed a theory that was closely related to electric and magnetic fields.	V
3	Then in 1905, Albert Einstein discovered a concept of special relativity which could eventually perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves	V
4	This wave can propagate even though it is in a vacuum though.	V
5	However, the human sense of sight is seeing ultraviolet light	V
6	The sun is the main source of light that can emit ultraviolet light to the earth's surface.	V
7	Ultraviolet lamp which can specifically produce ultra violet	V
8	Mechanical waves can propagate through an intermediary or medium	V
9	In the past, Herschel conducted an experiment using a prism to diffract sunlight	V
10	The light found can cause silver chloride plates to turn black	V

 

NOMINAL SENSTENCES

NO	SENTENCES	N
1	Some of these variables are wavelength, frequency and speed	N
2	From the experiments conducted by Hertz, Maxwell's theory was finally proven and justified	N
3	Infrared iNs an electromagnetic wave with a longer wavelength than visible light.	N
4	Changes in the electric field and magnetic field in electromagnetic waves will occur simultaneously	N
5	The magnitude of the electric field (E) is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field, with the relationship E = cb.	N
6	Unstable atomic nuclei are capable of producing alpha, beta, and gamma radiation	N
7	As the name suggests, visible waves can indeed be seen directly by the human sense of sight	N
8	The sun is the main source of light that can emit ultraviolet light to the earth's surface	N
9	The wavelength of X-rays is quite short, but has such a high frequency	N
10	The wavelength of gamma rays is in the range from 0.0003 to 0.03 nm or can also be written as 0.3 pm to 30 pm	N

 

ACTIVE AND PASSIF SENTENCES

NO	SENTENCES	ACTIVE	PASIF
1	in 1905, Albert Einstein discovered a concept of special relativity which in turn could perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves	ACTIVE
	A  concept of special relativity was discovered in 1905 by albert Einstein which in turn could perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves		PASIF
2	German physicist named Wilhelm Rontgen discovered a beam of light that could penetrate a solid object and was named X-ray.	ACTIVE
	A beam of light that can penetrate solid objects and is named X-rays was discovered by a German physicist named Wilhelm Rontgen		PASIF
3	In 1862 to 1864, James Clerk Maxwell developed a theory that was closely related to electric and magnetic fields	ACTIVE
	Theories closely related to electric and magnetic fields were developed in 1862 to 1864, James Clerk Maxwell		PASIF
4	This wave can propagate even though it is in a vacuum though.	ACTIVE
	Even in a vacuum this wave can be propagated		PASIF
5	However, the human sense of sight is seeing ultraviolet light	ACTIVE
			PASIF
6	The sun is the main source of light that can emit ultraviolet light to the earth's surface.	ACTIVE
	The main source of light emitted to the surface of the earth is the sun		PASIF
7	Ultraviolet lamp which can specifically produce ultra violet	ACTIVE
	Ultra violet can be produced by a special ultraviolet lamp		PASIF
8	In the past, Herschel conducted an experiment using a prism to diffract sunlight	ACTIVE
	sunlight was deflected using a prism first when Herschel did the experiment		PASIF
9	Mechanical waves can propagate through an intermediary or medium	ACTIVE
	intermediary or medium can be propagated by mechanical waves		PASIF
10	The light found can cause silver chloride plates to turn black	ACTIVE
	The silver chloride plate turns black due to the light		PASIF

 

LIST OF VOCABULARY

NO	LIST OF VOCABULARY	PRONOUN SPELING	MEANING
1	ELECTRO	ELEKTRO	LISTRIK
2	MAGNETIC	MAGNETIK	MAGNET
3	WAVE	WAVZ	GELOMBANG
4	SUN	SAN	MATAHARI
5	SPEED	SBIJD	KECEPATAN
6	SUNLIGHT	SUHNLITE	SINAR MATAHARI
7	FREQUENCY	FREEKWUHNSEE	FREKUENSI
8	WAVELENGTH	WAYVLENGTH	PANJANG GELOMBANG
9	INFRARED	INFRUHRED	INFRA MERAH
10	VARIABLE	VEUHREEUHBL	VARIABLE

 

Tenses and it’s pattern

NO	TENSES	PATTERN
1	German physicist named Wilhelm Rontgen discovered a beam of light that could penetrate a solid object and was named X-ray.	PRESENT PAST TENSE
2	In 1862 to 1864, James Clerk Maxwell developed a theory that was closely related to electric and magnetic fields.	PRESENT PAST TENSE
3	Then in 1905, Albert Einstein discovered a concept of special relativity which could eventually perfect the concept of electromagnetic waves	PRESENT PAST TENSE
4	Before the 19th century, humans could only perceive visible light.	PRESENT PAST TENSE
5	Then the discoverer of X-rays was Wilhelm Rontgen (1823-1923) when he conducted high-voltage electron scattering experiments.	PRESENT PAST  TENSE
6	Johann Wilhelm Ritter whose discovery was a beam of light that was close to purple and remained invisible to the human sense of sight.	PRESENT PAST TENSE
7	After 25 years of the experiment then proved by Heinrich Hertz.	PRESENT PAST TENSE
8
9
10

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSLATE

TEKNOLOGIGELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK: SEJARAH, SIFAT, SUMBER, DAN JENISNYA

Sains dan Teknologi

Gelombang Elektromagnetik: Sejarah, Sifat, Sumber, dan Jenisnya

gelombang elektromagnetik

Secara umum, gelombang dibagi menjadi dua yaitu gelombang elektromagnetik dan gelombang mekanik. Gelombang mekanik dapat merambat melalui suatu perantara atau medium. Gelombang mekanik bisa menjadi gelimbang transversal seperti proses perambatan pada tali dan juga melakukan rambatan sebagai gelombang longitudinal seperti bunyi yang melalui medium udara atau benda lainnya.

Sedangkan untuk gelombang elektromagnetik merupakan suatu gelombang yang bisa melakukan rambatan walau tidak ada suatu medium atau perantara. Energi elektromagnetik dapat merambat dalam bentuk gelombang dengan beberapa variabel yang dapat diukur.

Masih banyak hal menarik lainnya yang berhubungan dengan gelombang elektromagnetik. Jika kalian penasaran dengan gelombang elektromagnetik. Maka kalian bisa banget nih membaca penjelasan tentang hal tersebut hanya di dalam artikel ini.

Pengertian Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Hal pertama yang akan kita bahas bersama adalah tentang pengertian dari gelombang elektromagnetik yang  merupakan gelombang yang memiliki suatu muatan energi listrik serta magnet dan tidak memerlukan suatu media rambat.

Itu artinya gelombang ini bisa merambat meskipun berada di dalam ruang hampa sekalipun. Gelombang elektromagnetik memiliki bentuk seperti gelombang transversal pada umumnya, yaitu memiliki arah rambat yang tegak lurus terhadap arah getarnya.

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia memang sudah banyak memanfaatkan gelombang elektromagnetik seperti contoh yang disebutkan di awal paragraf. Seperti yang dijelaskan sebelumnya jika gelombang elektromagnetik dalam bentuk gelombang memiliki beberapa variabel yang bisa diukur.

Beberapa variabel tersebut adalah seperti panjang gelombang, frekuensi dan kecepatan. Panjang gelombang adalah jarak diantara kedua buah puncak. Sedangkan untuk frekuensi sendiri adalah jumlah gelombang yang melewati suatu titik dalam satu satuan waktu.

Jika dilihat secara matematis adalah sebagai berikut ini.

C = λ.f

Keterangan:

C = kecepatan cahaya

Λ = panjang gelombang

F = frekuensi

Perlu diketahui jika energi elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan atau dilepaskan oleh semua masa di alam semesta memiliki level yang berbeda-beda. Semakin tinggi level energi yang dimiliki oleh suatu sumber energi, maka akan semakin rendah panjang gelombang dari energi yang berhasil dihasilkan sekaligus semakin tinggi frekuensinya.

Sejarah Singkat Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Setelah mengerti bagaimana pengertiannya. Kita akan belajar bersama tentang sejarah singkat dari adanya gelombang elektromagnetik.

Sebelum abad ke-19, manusia hanya bisa mengetahui cahaya yang tampak saja. Selain cahaya tampak tentunya manusia pada zaman tersebut tidak mengetahui cahaya lainnya.

Seiring berjalannya waktu hingga setelah 1800, ada seorang astronom Inggris yang lahir di Jerman bernama William Herschel memiliki suatu penemuan yang menyatakan jika ada cahaya atau sinar lain selain cahaya tampak.

Penemuan yang dilakukan oleh Herschel inilah yang bisa menjadi awal mula perkembangan materi gelombang elektromagnetik. Tentunya penemuan yang dilakukan oleh Herschel akan terus dikembangkan oleh para ilmuan lainnya.

Dahulu Herschel melakukan sebuah percobaan dengan memanfaatkan prisma untuk bisa mendifraksikan berkas sinar matahari. Pada saat itu ia berhasil menemukan cahaya yang tak tampak oleh indra penglihatan manusia di luar area warna merah yang bisa menyebabkan thermometer menjadi panas atau tinggi. Kemudian sinar tersebut diberi nama sinar inframerah atau infrared.

gelombang elektromagnetik

Setelah satu tahun dari pertemuan Herschel, muncul kembali penemuan lain dari fisikawan Jerman bernama Johann Wilhelm Ritter yang mana penemuannya adalah berkas sinar yang dekat dengan warna ungu dan tetap tak terlihat oleh indra penglihatan manusia.

Percobaan yang dilakukan oleh Ritter saat itu menggunakan prisma untuk mendifraksikan berkas sinar matahari. Sinar yang ditemukan tersebut bisa menyebabkan pelat perak klorida berubah warna menjadi hitam. Hingga kemudian sinar warna tersebut diberikan warna sinar ultraviolet.

Berikutnya pada akhir abad ke-19, fisikawan asal Jerman yang bernama Wilhelm Rontgen menemukan suatu berkas sinar yang bisa menembus sebuah benda padat dan diberikan nama sinar X atau X-ray.

Beberapa tahun berikutnya diawali oleh penemuan sinar alfa dan beta oleh Rutherford, ada seorang fisikawan dan kimiawan asal Perancis bernama Paul Ulrich Villard menemukan berkas sinar yang ketiga dari percobaan yang dilakukan oleh Rutherford.

Sinar tersebut memiliki sifat netral serta memiliki energi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sinar X. Dimana penemuan sinar tersebut diberi nama sinar gamma. Di antara yang lainnya, sinar gamma memiliki frekuensi paling tinggi di dalam gelombang elektromagnetik.

Pada tahun 1862 hingga 1864, James Clerk Maxwell melakukan pengembangan terhadap teori yang berhubungan erat dengan medan kelistrikan dan medan magnet. Ia memiliki pendapat jika perubahan medan listrik dapat menyebabkan perubahan medan magnet, sehingga bisa tercipta suatu gelombang.

Setelah 25 tahun dari percobaan tersebut lalu dibuktikan oleh Heinrich Hertz. Hertz menemukan suatu gelombang di luar rentan sinar inframerah yang berikutnya disebut dengan gelombang mikro dan radio.

Dari percobaan yang dilakukan oleh Hertz akhirnya teori Maxwell bisa terbukti dan dibenarkan. Dan penemuan dari Maxwell diberi nama gelombang elektromagnetik atau GEM.

Lalu pada tahun 1905, Albert Einstein menemukan sebuah konsep relativitas khusus yang akhirnya bisa menyempurnakan konsep gelombang elektromagnetik.

Sifat Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Gelombang elektromagnetik juga memiliki beberapa sifat di dalamnya. Nah agar kalian lebih mudah paham akan gelombang elektromagnetik. Berikut adalah beberapa sifat yang dimiliki oleh gelombang elektromagnetik.

Perubahan medan listrik dan medan magnet pada gelombang elektromagnetik akan terjadi secara bersamaan.

Dapat merambat pada suatu ruang hampa.

Besar medan listrik (E) berbanding lurus dengan besar medan magnet, dengan hubungan E = cb.

Arah medan listrik dan medan magnet saling tegak mengarah terhadap rambat gelombang.

Merupakan gelombang transversal.

Dapat mengalami polarisasi, peristiwa pemantulan (refleksi), pembiasan (refraksi), interferensi, dan pelenturan (difraksi).

Memiliki momentum.

Dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis tergantung frekuensinya atau panjang gelombangnya.

Laju rambat gelombang elektromagnetik dalam suatu ruang hampa merupakan ketetapan umum (konstanta) c = 3 x 108 m/s. (meter/second = meter/detik).

Itulah beberapa sifat yang dimiliki oleh gelombang elektromagnetik.

Sumber Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Adanya gelombang elektromagnetik juga dapat terjadi dari beberapa sumber. Berikut ini merupakan beberapa sumber yang bisa menghasilkan gelombang elektromagnetik.

 

Osilasi Listrik

Sinar matahari

Lampu infrared yang secara khusus dapat menghasilkan infra merah

Lampu ultraviolet yang secara khusus dapat menghasilkan ultra ungu

Penembakan elektron dalam tabung hampa pada keping logam dapat menghasilkan sinar X atau biasa disebut dengan istilah sinar rontgen.

Inti atom yang tidak stabil sehingga mampu menghasilkan radiasi alpha, beta, dan gamma. Dan untuk radiasi sinar gamma adalah salah satu gelombang elektromagnetik.

Spektrum Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Gelombang elektromagnetik meliputi cahayam, gelombang radio, sinar X, sinmar gamma, mikro geombang dan lainnya. Berbagai macam bentuk gelombang elektromagnetik hanya dibedakan pada panjang gelombang dan frekuensinya.

Jenis-jenis Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Gelombang elektromagnetik juga dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis. Jika kalian belum tahu apa saja jenis dari gelombang elektromagnetik, maka penjelasan yang ada di bawah ini bisa membantu.

1. Gelombang Radio

Gelombang radio merupakan jenis gelombang elektromagnetik. Dimana adanya gelombang elektromagnetik tersebut adalah ketika bunyi atau audio berubah menjadi suatu sinyal listrik dengan melalui gelombang osilator atau gelombang pembawa.

 

Atau secara mudahnya gelombang radio bisa dihasilkan oleh muatan-muatan listrik yang dipercepat melalui kawat penghantar. Muatan ini akan dibangkitkan oleh rangkaian elektronika yang diberbut dengan osilator. Gelombang raido ini akan dipancarkan dan diterima oleh antenna.

Beberapa benda yang memanfaatkan gelombang radio adalah seperti televisi, radio, telepon dan radar. Gelombang elektromagnetik ini pertama kali ditemukan oleh oleh Heinrich Hertz serta digunakan oleh Marconi sebagai media komunikasi.

gelombang elektromagnetik

2. Gelombang Mikro atau Microwave

Gelombang mikro atau microwaves dapat dihasilkan oleh tabung klystron yang mana memiliki fungsi sebagai penghantar energi panas. Frekuensi gelombang elektromagnetik pada gelombang mikro terbilang cukup tinggi yaitu sekitar atas 3 ghz (3×109 Hz).

Jika gelombang mikro diserap oleh sebua benda, molekul dan atom maka benda tersebut akan bergetar hingga memunculkan efek panas. Lalu jika ada makanan yang menyerap radiasi gelombang mikro, maka makanan tersebut dapat panas dan masak dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Proses inilah yang digunakan pada oven microwave.

Gelombang mikro juga bisa dimanfaatkan pada radar atau Radio Detection and Ranging. Radar dapat digunakan untuk mencari sekaligus menentukan jejak suatu benda dengan memanfaatkan gelombang mikro.

3. Gelombang Infra Merah atau Infra Red

Inframerah adalah gelombang elektromagnetik dengan panjang gelombang lebih panjang dari cahaya tampak. Meski begitu ternyata panjang gelombang inframerah lebih pendek daripada gelombang radio.

Jangkauan panjang dari panjang gelombang inframerah berkisar antara 1000 nm hingga 1 mm. Sinar inframerah dihasilkan oleh elektron yang ada pada molekul bergetar dan kemungkinan akan terurai menjadi beberapa bagian molekul yang berbeda-beda karena benda tersebut dipanaskan. Energi yang dilepaskan oleh atom dan molekul yang bergetar tersebut akan dalam bentuk radiasi inframerah.

Perlu diketahui juga jika setiap benda panas pasti memiliki pancaran gelombang inframerah. Saat ini gelombang inframerah memangs udah banyak digunakan dalam benda-benda dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seperti remot TV, transfer data dari ponsel ke ponsel lain hingga terapi fisik.

 

4. Cahaya Tampak

Seperti dengan namanya, gelombang tampak memang bisa dilihat secara langsung oleh indra penglihatan manusia. Gelombang tampak terdiri dari tujuh warna. Dimana jika diurutkan dari frekuensi yang paling besar adalah dimulai dari merah, jingga, kuning, hijau, biru, nila, dan ungu.

Sedangkan untuk panjang gelombang setiap cahaya tersebut adalah sebagai berikut ini.

Merah memiliki panjang glombang antara 620 hingga 780 nm.

Jingga memiliki panjang gelombang antara 590 hingga 620 nm

Kuning memiliki panjang gelombang antara 570 hingga 590 nm

Hijau memiliki panjang gelombang antara 490 hingga 570 nm

Biru memiliki panjang gelombang antara 450 hingga 490 nm

Nila memiliki panjang gelombang antara 420 hingga 450 nm

Ungu memiliki panjang gelombang antara 380 hingga 420 nm

Sekadar informasi 1 nm = 1 nano meter = 10-9 meter.

Sebagai informasi tambahan jika 1 nm adalah 1 nano meter yang berkisar antara 10 hingga 9 meter. Lalu untuk gelombang cahaya tampak sampai saat ini juga sudah dimanfaatkan dalam beberapa benda seperti laser dalam serta optic pada bidang telekomunikasi dan juga kedokteran.

5. Sinar Ultraviolet

Matahari merupakan sumber utama cahaya yang bisa memancarkan sinar ultraviolet ke permukaan bumi. Sinar ultraviolet juga bisa dihasilkan oleh transisi elektron yang ada di dalam orbit atom, busur karbon serta lampu mercury.

Sinar ultraviolet sebenarnya merupakan bagian dari spektrum warna. Akan tetapi indra penglihatan manusia tak mampu melihat sinar ultraviolet. Selain itu sinar ultraviolet juga memiliki panjang gelombang yang begitu pendek jika dibandingkan dengan warna lainya.

Hal ini karena sinar ultraviolet memiliki daya tembus yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan warna cahaya lainnya. Bahkan sinar ultraviolet atau cahaya ultra ungu juga mampu menembus kulit manusia dan mamp u mengubah struktur sel kulit manusia.

Pada kadar rendah, sinar ultraviolet bisa memberikan bantuan dalam proses pembentukan vitamin D. Akan tetapi pada kadar tinggi, sinar ultraviolet mampu menimbulkan penyakit kanker kulit.

Perlu diketahui juga jika sinar ultraviolet berada pada panjang gelombang antara 3 nm hingga 380 nm. Saat ini keberadaan sinar ultraviolet banyaknya dimanfaatkan untuk lampu UV serta untuk operasi mata lasik.

6. Sinar X

Berikutnya ada sinar X yang memiliki daya tembus sangat besar. Bahkan lebih besar daripada sinar ultraviolet. Panjang gelombang sinar X terbilang cukup pendek, namun memiliki frekuensi yang begitu tinggi.

Karena memiliki daya tembus yang luas biasa, sinar X bisa menembus struktur lunak seperti daging dan kayu, buku tebal hingga pelat aluminium setebal 1 cm. Namun sinar X tak mampu struktur padat seperti tulang.

Dengan adanya kemampuan sinar X yang bisa menembus daging, maka tak heran jika sinar X kerap dimanfaatkan untuk teknologi rontgen yang bisa menampakkan struktur tulang atau rangka pada layar film. Bahkan sinar X juga dimanfaatkan untuk melacak atau melihat isi tas penumpang di bandara.

Panjang gelombang yang dimiliki oleh sinar X adalah berkisar antara 0,3 nm hingga 3 nm. Lalu penemu dari sinar X adalah Wilhelm Rontgen (1823-1923) ketika ia melakukan percobaan hamburan elektron bertegangan tinggi.

7. Sinar Gamma

Gelombang sinar gamma dapat ditulis dengan nama sinar Y. Dimana gelombang sinar gamma bisa disebut sebagai gelombang elektromagnetik yang paling kuat diantara gelombang elektromagnetik lainnya.

Panjang gelombang pada sinar gamma adalah berkisar antara 0,0003 hingga 0,03 nm atau bisa juga ditulis sebagai 0,3 pm hingga 30 pm. Dimana 1 poko meter (pm) adal;ah 10 hingga 12 meter.

Gelombang sinar gamma dihasilkan dari adanya peristiwa peluruhan radioaktif atau inti atom yang tak stabil. Gelombang sinar gamma juga dapat menembus struktur padat seperti struktur atom menjadi atom yang berbeda.

Bahkan sinar gamma juga terjadi pada suatu proses reaksi nuklir sehingga menghasilkan suatu radiasi yang cenderung begitu membahayakan bagi makhluk hidup. Dalam dunia medis, keberadaan sinar gamma digunakan untuk mensterilkan peralatan medis serta proses radioterapi dalam pengobatan kanker

Itulah beberapa jenis dari gelombang elektromagnetik yang masih ada hingga saat ini

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lembar Simulasi

PRAKTIK MENYUNTING NASKAH

DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

(PBLL-Editing)

 

Serahkan kumpulan portfolio hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris pada saat UAS berupa: UTS, bahanPresentasi PPT Kelompokdenganbukti-buktiberikut:

1.     Lembar asli JawabanUjian Tengah Semester (UTS), Idol, PPT kelompok

2.     Bukti Perbaikan dalam bentuk Terketik Rapi

3.     Bukti Penerapan Simbol Penyuntingan oleh Editor MitraBelajar di Kelas

4.     Naskah Bersih hasil suntingan Editor Mitra Belajar di Kelas

5.     Lembar Bukti Penerapan Hasil Penyuntingan

 

Catatan:

1.     Naskah Bersih hasil suntingan dikumpulkan oleh Koordinator untuk layout  bersih dan digandakan menjadi buku karya kelas.

2.     Judul buku dan gambaran Desain Cover serta Pengantar Buku akan diemail ke Koordinator oleh Dosen sebagai Supervisor.

3.     PembuatanVideoflogbersifat individual untuk kemungkinan memperoleh nilai optimal (A)

 

LEARNING TREATMENT
No	PBLL- Approach	Meeting	Portfolios	Learning Output	Learning Outcome
01	Prewriting	1-8 (UTS)	PPT Kelompok, Idol Writing, Hasil UTS	Intend to be Self-Publishers (www.zalzulifa.com)
02	Drafting
03	Revising				Reading.
					Writing.
04	Editing	9-16 (UAS	Book Dummy (PPT Kelompok, Idol Writing, UAS) Individual Voice in Video	Digital Publishing Member of www.polakata.com by registering to www.polakata.com/ad dacc.pkt	Listening. Speaking about Civil Engineering
05	Publishing
06	Marketing
07	Delivering

 

EDITORIAL SKILL IN ENGLISH PUBLIPRENEUR-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING

(PBLL-Editing)

INSTRUCTIONS
1.           Use the red ink pen to mark your editorial findings 2.           Write the name of the manuscript’s writer within the box 3.           Write your name as an editor within the editor’s box 4.           Write the title of the manuscript 5.           Treat the draft as an accepted manuscript to the Editorial Department. 6.           Edit the manuscript by using the editorial signs 7.           Put the number of your editorial findings (mechanical, substantive, pictorial) within the box right- side 8.           Write your verbal verification of suggestion, comment, or input for the improvement of the manuscript. 9.           Give your editorial judgment about the manuscript from the perspective of prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing, marketing, and delivering) 10.        Good Luck..be your best.
Students’ Identity				Writer			Editor
Name				JUNIZAR DWI IRAWAN			RACHMAT NUR ICHSAN
Study Program				Electrical Engineering			Electrical Engineering
Title of Manuscript				Why do different countries have different electric outlet plugs?
C=Competence : NC= Non Competence
No			Editorial Findings		Number	Key Word		C	NC
A			Mechanical Editing						types
			·          Types		-	-		-	-
			·          Words		-	-		-	phrase
			·          Phrase		-	-		-	-
			·          Clause		-	-		-	-
			·          Punctuations		-	-		-	-
			·          Comma		-			-	-
			·          Colon		-	-		-	-
			·         Semi Colon		-	-		-	-
			·         Preposition		-	-		-	-
			·         Dictions		-	-		-	-
B			Substantive Editing
			·          Content Accuracy		-	-		-	-
			·          Language Consistency		-	-		-	-
			·          Message Originality		-	-		-	-
			·          Reader’s Interest		-	-		-	-
			·          Coherence		-	-		-	-
C			Pictorial Editing
			·          Harmony		-	-		-	-
			·          Balancing		-	-		-	-
			·          White Space		-	-		-	-
		·          Color			-	-		-	-
	Verbal Verification:   There are several author errors in writing, namely the wrong placement of   spaces and the use of capital letters. And the sentence a is replaced with the
	Editorial Judgment   I think the sentence-by-sentence that the author wrote is very good and very easy to understand for readers to read, but in writing, there are several words that I need to improve, namely, the words finished, grounding, carry, and started. but overall I appreciate the author in choosing sentence by sentence.

 

 

QUESTIONERS OF PUBLIPRENEUR-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING (PBLL) USED TO TEACH ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES OF

ELECTRO ENGINEERING

AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY

Name	RACHMAT NUR ICHSAN
Study Program	Electrical Engineering
Lecturer	Dr, Zulzalifah
No	Questioners	Much (M); Enough (E); Less (L)	Reasons
		M	E	L
1	How far do you know about the concept of the Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) approach in language teaching		x		Because I only learned the basics
2	Do you think that the Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) approach applicable used to teach English for Specific Purposes (ESP)		x		can ,because PLBB is specifically for educational learning
3	How far does Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) influence your English Reading skill in Electro Engineering Business		x		not so far just the basics
4	How far does Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) influence your English Writing skill in ElectroEngineering Business		x		not so far just the basics
5	How far does Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) influence your English Listening skill in Electro Engineering Business	x			So far , Because I like watching Hollywood movies as a result my hearing ability is much better
6	How far does Publipreneur-Based Language Learning (PBLL) influence your English Speaking skill in Electro Engineering Business			x	very lacking, because I often stammer when speaking English

 

Hasil Review Dokumen Saya Di Junizar Dwi Irawan